The Official Counting Thread

1556

This year was a leap year. :)

January–June

January 16 – Emperor Charles V abdicates. His son, Philip II becomes King of Spain, while his brother Ferdinand becomes Holy Roman Emperor.
January 23 – The Shaanxi Earthquake, the deadliest earthquake in history, occurs with its epicenter in Shaanxi province, China: 830,000 people may have been killed.
February
Truce of Vaucelles: Fighting temporarily ends between France and Spain.
Jellaladin Mahommed Akbar ascends to the throne of the Mughal Empire; he rules until his death in 1605.
February 14 – Thomas Cranmer is declared a heretic.
March 21 – In Oxford, Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer is burned at the stake for treason.

July–December

November – The Truce of Vaucelles collapses, and war resumes between Henry II of France and Philip II of Spain.
November 5 – Second Battle of Panipat: Fifty miles north of Delhi, a Mogul Army defeats Hindu forces of General Hemu, to ensure Akbar the throne of India.

Date unknown in the year of 1556

Lorenzo Priuli becomes Doge of Venice.
Mary I of England establishes the Fort of Maryborough, in what is now Portlaoise, County Laois, Ireland.
The kings of Spain take control of the Flanders region, including what is now the French département of Nord.
The false Martin Guerre appears in the French village of Artigat.
King John III of Sweden becomes ruler of Finland as Hertig Johan.
Welser banking families of Augsburg lose colonial control of Venezuela.
Ivan the Terrible conquers Astrakhan, opening the Volga River to Russian traffic and trade.
The first printing press in India is introduced by Jesuits at Saint Paul's College, Goa.